Theological issues regarding the second coming of Christ first arose at the 1844 Lutheran Synod at Hahndorf. Debate about the 'Millennium' had previously risen in Europe, particularly influencing the thinking of the Plymouth Brethren, and spreading through church circles. Subsequently the Bethany Lutheran Synod in 1846 saw a split between those who agreed with Pastor Kavel's more literal interpretation of the predictions concerning the Millennium in the Book of Revelation (as well as his questioning of some of the founding precepts of the Lutheran Church) and those who followed Pastor Fritzsche's more conservative views. Kavel published his beliefs in his Protestations to which Fritzsche in response wrote Beleuchtung or 'Enlightenment'. This division in the early South Australian Lutheran church saw the formation of two separate churches, a situation which continued for over 100 years.