Plate 43: 'Sea mouth of the Murray'. Part of the text accompanying the illustration reads 'At the eastern extremity of Encounter Bay, the junction of the River Murray with the Southern Ocean takes place. A low sandy coast, completely open to the ocean, stretches away to the South East, forming the outer shore or sand-hills of the Coorung ... the dull chime of their waves is responded to by the harrowing shreiks of multitudes of sea fowl that resort thither. To the left is a sandy bluff, called Barker's Knoll ...'. There appears to be the remnants of a whale's skeleton in the mid-ground.

After the long journey by whaleboat down the Murrumbidgee and Murray Rivers, Charles Sturt reached the mouth of the Murray 12 February 1830. He completed the last few miles on foot as mud flats prevented the passage of the boat. A few days previously as the Murray flowed into Lake Alexandrina Sturt had written;

... I immediately foresaw that, in all probability, we should be disappointed in finding any practicable communication between the the lake and the ocean, as it was evident that the former was not much influenced by tides.

When Sturt walked over the last sand-hill to reach the Murray Mouth some days later he saw the channel to the sea was only a quarter of a mile wide, but the water deep and the current was strong. However;

... the mouth of the channel is defended by a double line of breakers, amidst which, it would be dangerous to venture... thus were our fears of the impracticability and inutility of the channel of communication between the lake and the ocean confirmed.

looking towards the ocean, one continuous wall of foam shuts out the horizon, the surf rollers meeting the current of the river with impetuous force. Around is a wilderness of sand, and as the repeated lines of rollers rise and break upon the shore with a hollow moaning noise ... Later he summarised the general opinion of the time it is generally considered that the entrance to the Murray from the sea is impracticable, it being impossible for a vessel to make a passage against the united force of the current, and the immense sweep of rollers,....

George French Angas (1822-1886), naturalist and painter, was born on 25 April 1822 at Newcastle upon Tyne, England, fourth child and eldest son of George Fife Angas and his wife Rosetta, née French. He sailed for Australia in 1843 in the Augustus, reached Adelaide in January 1844, and joined Grey on his expedition and his paintings, published several years later in South Australiaillustrated and form a valuable record of the South Australian landscape before it was much changed by white settlement. Angas remained in South Australia until July when he left for New Zealand. He returned to South Australia in January 1845 and remained for six months. During these visits to South Australia Angas went with William Giles to the area in the vicinity of the mouth of the River Murray, and with Governor (Sir) George Grey to the south-east of the province, Kangaroo Island and Port Lincoln. These journeys Angas recorded in water-colour drawings which were shown in Adelaide in June 1845 in the Legislative Council chamber.

Angas, George French, 1822-1886

Sturt, Charles, 1795-1869

Angas, GF South Australia illustrated London : Thomas M'Lean, 1847

Sturt, Charles, Two expeditions into the interior of southern Australia, during the years 1828, 1829, 1830, and 1831 .... North Adelaide: Corkwood Press, 1999

Cumpston, J. H. L. Charles Sturt: his life and journeys of exploration Melbourne: Georgian House, 1951

Langley, Michael, Sturt of the Murray: father of Australian exploration London, Hale, 1969

Sturt centenary 1829-1929: souvenir of the discovery and exploration of the River Murray , [Adelaide: Dept. Lands and Survey], 1929 (Adelaide: Harrison Weir, Government Printer)

Tregenza, John, George French Angas, artist, traveller and naturalist, 1822-1886 Adelaide: Art Gallery Board of South Australia, 1980

University of Adelaide Online Books: Two expeditions into the interior of southern Australia during the years 1828,1829,1830,1831 with observations on the soil, climate and general resources of the Colony of New South Wales by Charles Sturt.

Royal Geographical Society of South Australia (Library)

SA Memory, Taking it to the edge - exploration in South Australia

Dictionary of Australian biography: see Sturt, Charles (Gutenberg)

Charles Sturt Museum and Trust

Angas, George French Bright Sparcs

The Murray Mouth Murray Darling Basin Cimmission

Treasures of the State Library of South Australia: South Australia illustrated by George French Angas

Australian Dictionary of Biography Online Edition: Search for George French Angas

Pictures Catalogue National Library of Australia

PictureAustralia

State Library of South Australia: Mortlock Wing. Taking it to the edge August 2004-

Treasures of the State LIbrary of South Australia: George French Angas