View of part of the crowd at the anti Iraq war rally outside Parliament House, with a number of placards visible.

In response to the imminent invasion of Iraq, between six and ten million people in over 60 countries and 600 cities around the world participated in anti-war demonstrations on 15/16 February 2003 - recorded by The Guinness book of records as the largest mass protest movement in history.

In addition to a pacifist stance and recognition of the human cost of war, reasons for opposition to the war included the view that any country does not have a right to intervene in another nation's internal affairs; war against Iraq was not sanctioned by the United Nations; there was inconclusive evidence that the Iraqi government was necessarily linked to Al-Qaeda and terrorist attacks in the United States; and a belief that the real reason for war was the Bush Administration's desire to gain control over the Iraqi oilfields.

In Adelaide, on 16 February 2003, an estimated 100,000 people walked against war in Iraq. Protest placards and banners featured statements such as: 'War of the wells'; 'No more blood for oil'; 'No war against the people of Iraq'; 'Don't give killers a chance'; 'The empty warheads are in the White House and Canberra'; 'Have the courage to choose peace - war: high price, no progress'.

Despite these demonstrations, the invasion of Iraq by the United States, Britain and Australia officially began on 20 March 2003, supported by a coalition force contributed to by more than 40 countries.

Australia. Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade. Iraq: The path ahead, Canberra: Commonwealth of Australia, 2004

Blix, Hans. Disarming Iraq: the search for weapons of mass destruction, London: Bloomsbury, 2004

Fawn, Rick and Raymond Hinnebusch. The Iraq war : causes and consequences, Boulder, Colo. : Lynne Rienner Publishers, 2006

Keegan, John. The Iraq war, New York : A.A. Knopf, 2004

Kurdish Action Committee in Adelaide. A message from Kurdish Action Committee in Adelaide, Pooraka, S. Aust.: Kurdish Action Committee in Adelaide, 2003

Murray, Williamson and Robert H. Scales, Jr. The Iraq war : a military history, Cambridge, Mass. : Harvard University Press, 2003NOWAR news / Network Opposing War and Racism, Adelaide: The Network, 2003

Pax, Salam. The Baghdad blog, Melbourne, Victoria: Text Publishing, 2003

Why the war was wrong, Raimond Gaita (ed.); with contributions by Robert Manne ... [et al.], Melbourne, Victoria: Text Publishing, 2003

Australian War Memorial: Australians in Iraq 2003

BBC News: See: Middle East: Country Profile: Iraq especially Timeline: Iraq

BBC News: See: Middle East: Special Reports: The struggle for Iraq

Department of Defence [Australia] : See: Publications, Reports & Documents: 'O' for Operations in the Middle East in 2003

Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade: Iraq country information

Guardian (newspaper) Unlimited: Special Report 11 September 2001

Library of Congress: Minerva: September 11 Web Archive

NoWarSA

Parliament of Australia: Parliamentary Library: Bali Bombings: Looking for explanations

Truth Justice Peace: Human shield action to Iraq

United Nations: The situation in Iraq